The scope of the chemical induxtry is in part shaped by custom rather than by logic. The petroleum induxtry is usually thought of as separate from the chemical induxtry, for in the early days of the petroleum induxtry in the 19th century crude oil was merely subjected to a simple distillation treatment. Modern petroleum induxtrial processes, however, bring about chemical changes, and some of the products of a modern refinery complex are chemicals by any definition. The term petrochemical is used to describe these chemical operations, but, because they are often carried out at the same plant as the primary distillation, the distinction between petroleum induxtry and chemical induxtry is difficult to maintain.
Economic aspects
In most fields the United States is the largest producer of chemicals. Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and some other European countries are also large producers, and so is the Soviet Union. Japan in the 1960s came into prominence as a very large producer in certain areas. Investment in the chemical induxtry as a percentage of total investment in a given country may range from 5 to 15 percent for the less-developed countries; for the induxtrial countries it averages about 6 to 8 percent. For some developing countries this percentage can fluctuate widely; for example, the installation of one sizable fertilizer factory could change the percentage markedly in a specific country..
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In most fields the United States is the largest producer of chemicals. Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and some other European countries are also large producers, and so is the Soviet Union. Japan in the 1960s came into prominence as a very large producer in certain areas. Investment in the chemical induxtry as a percentage of total investment in a given country may range from 5 to 15 percent for the less-developed countries; for the induxtrial countries it averages about 6 to 8 percent. For some developing countries this percentage can fluctuate widely; for example, the installation of one sizable fertilizer factory could change the percentage markedly in a specific country..